英语中有一种问句叫修辞性问句(Rhetorical questions),传统语法书极少介绍,非英语专业的英语教程也极少涉及,以致英语学习者在阅读理解中遇见此类问句时常会感到疑惑,甚至误解原文的意思。为了便捷网友学英语,我将夸克《英语语法大全》中有关修辞性问句部分整理如下,供网友参考。
修辞性问句在结构上是问句的形式,但实为一种强烈的陈述。这种问句一般并不期待回答。修辞性问句可以是一般疑问句的形式,也可以是特殊疑问句的形式。可以是一定的问句形式,也可以是相反的问句形式。
一定形式的修辞性一般疑问句表示一种强烈的否定意义;而否定形式的问句表示强烈的一定意义。比如:
1 一定形式的修辞性一般问句:
Is that a reason for despair? [Surely that is not a reason. . .]
难道那就是绝望的原因吗?(那一定不是绝望的原因。)
Can anyone doubt the wisdom of this action? [Surely no one can doubt. . .]
其他人能怀疑这个行动的明智之处吗?(一定无人可以怀疑这个行动的明智之处。)
2 否定形式的修辞性一般问句:
Isnt the answer obvious? [Surely the answer is obvious.]
答案难道不是显而易见的吗?(答案当然是显而易见的。)
Havent you got anything better to do? [Surely you have something better to do.]
难道你没其它更好的事情可做吗?(你一定有更好的事情可做。)
3 一定形式的修辞性特殊问句等于用否定词项替换疑问词后的陈述句。比如:
Who knows/cares? [Nobody knows/cares or I dont know/care.]
哪个了解/在乎呢?(没人了解/在乎。我不了解/我才不在乎呢。)
What difference does it make? [It makes no difference.]
这能有哪些差别呢?(这根本没任何差别。)
How should I know? [There is no reason why I should know.]
我如何能了解?(我不可能了解。)
What should Isay? [There is nothing that I should say.]
我能怎么说呢?(我无话可说。)
What makes you think you can do better? [Nothing should make
you think you can do better.]
你凭什么觉得你能做得更好?(你根本没理由觉得你能做得更好。)
How can I help it? [There is no reason why I can help it.]
我能有哪些方法?(我没任何方法。)
非一定词可用于这种问句:
What has he ever done for you? 他什么都没为你做过。
Who has any money to spare these days?这类日子哪个还会有闲钱?(没人有)
4 否定形式的修辞性特殊疑问句相对少见一些。这个时候等于用一定词项替换疑问词后的陈述句。
Who doesn’t know? [Everybody knows.]
哪个会不了解呢?(每人都了解。)
How couldn’t you remember? [You certainly should have remembered.]
你如何能不记得呢?(你一定应该还记得。)
为了加深印象,请网友将下列修辞性问句翻译成汉语的陈述句(当然用汉语的反问句翻译也是可以的)。
1 Do you believe him?
2 Isnt it obvious?
3 Dont you remenber me?
4 Who doesnt want to earn more money?
5 When have you heard me say that?
6 Why did you lend him momey?
7 How could you belive him?
8 What could I do in that situation?
9 Who knows where he is?
10 Who hasnt made mistakes?
This is a very good TOPic. Very often we pay enough attention to grammar and pronunciation, while far less to rhetoric and vocabulary.