2024年12月大学习英语四级阅读理解100篇精析(24)

在备考英语四级阅读时，重点应放在提升阅读速度和理解文章主旨上。多做训练，熟知容易见到题型和方法，能够帮助应付考试挑战。新东方在线记者为大伙整理了“2024年12月大学习英语四级阅读理解100篇精析”，期望能为大伙带来帮助。

2024年12月大学习英语四级阅读理解100篇精析

Passage Ten

The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photograph’s fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as distinct from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defence of photography was identical with the struggle to establish it as a fine art. Against the charge that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of reality, photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art than painting.

Ironically, now that photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or irrelevant to label it as such. Serious photographers variously claim to be finding, recording, impartially observing, witnessing events, exploring themselves—anything but making works of art. They are no longer willing to debate whether photography is or is not a fine art, except to proclaim that their own work is not involved with art. It shows the extent to which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.

Photographers’ disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the harried status of the contemporary notion of art than about whether photography is or is not art. For example, those photographers who suppose that, by taking pictures, they are getting away from the pretensions of art as exemplified by painting remind us of those Abstract expressionist painters who imagined they were getting away from the intellectual austerity of classical Modernist painting by concentrating on the physical act of painting. Much of photography’s prestige today derives from the convergence of its aims with those of recent art, particularly with the dismissal of abstract art implicit in the phenomenon of Pop painting during the 1960’s. Appreciating photographs is a relief to sensibilities tired of the mental exertions demanded by abstract art. Classical Modernist painting—that is, abstract art as developed in different ways by Picasso, Kandinsky, and Matisse—presupposes highly developed skills of looking and a familiarity with other paintings and the history of art. Photography, like Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art.

Photography, however, has developed all the anxieties and self-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the promotion of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity—in short, an art.

1. What is the author mainly concerned with? The author is concerned with

[A]. defining the Modernist attitude toward art.

[B]. explaining how photography emerged as a fine art.

[C]. explaining the attitude of serious contemporary photographers toward photography as art and placing those attitudes in their historical context.

[D]. defining the various approaches that serious contemporary photographers take toward their art and assessing the value of each of those approaches.

2. Which of the following adjectives best describes “the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism” as the author represents it in lines 12—13?

[A]. Objective [B]. Mechanical. [C]. Superficial. [D]. Paradoxical.

3. Why does the author introduce Abstract expressionist painter?

[A]. He wants to provide an example of artists who, like serious contemporary photographers, disavowed traditionally accepted aims of modern art.

[B]. He wants to set forth an analogy between the Abstract expressionist painters and classical Modernist painters.

[C]. He wants to provide a contrast to Pop artist and others.

[D]. He wants to provide an explanation of why serious photography, like other contemporary visual forms, is not and should not pretend to be an art.

4. How did the nineteenth-century defenders of photography stress the photography?

[A]. They stressed photography was a means of making people happy.

[B]. It was art for recording the world.

[C]. It was a device for observing the world impartially.

[D]. It was an art comparable to painting.

Vocabulary

1. fine arts 美术

2. assert 倡导，声明，维护

3. privileged 特殊的，享受特权的，特许的

4. pretentious 狂妄的，做作的

5. irrelevant 不相干的，无关的

6. subversive 破坏性的，颠覆性的

7. disclaimer 弃权者

8. harry 掠夺，折磨

9. austerity 严格，简朴

10. convergence 聚合，集合点

11. implicit 含蓄的

12. distinctive 不同的，独特的

13. exalted 高贵的，高尚的

难句译注

1. The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photograph’s fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as distinct from merely a practical art.

[结构简析] 此句为主谓语+宾语从句。As distinct from … 句修饰fine art.

[参考译文] 最早有关摄影和艺术关系的争论点集中在摄影对表象的忠实和对机器的依靠能否使它成为艺术，有别于只是好用的美术。

2. Against the charge that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of reality, photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art than painting.

[结构简析] 结构是主谓宾从。句子长是由于介词短语against the charge 后接同位说明语the photography was …宾语从句中有三组表语：a way of seeing, a revolt, an art.

[参考译文] 正队这种指责：摄影是一种没灵魂的，对现实机械性复制，摄影工作者声名摄影不是复制品，而是一种特殊的察看方法，是对平庸视觉的不听话，和绘画一样有艺术价值。

3. It shows the extent to which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.

[结构简析] 句子结构为主从句，which引导宾从作介词to 的宾语，宾从中imposed by …分词短语修饰concept of art, the better …the more 是说明concept of art.

[参考译文] 这说明他们就是把现代主义胜利所强加的艺术定义视为适当的，其合理程度是：艺术越强，对艺术的传统目的破坏得越大。

4. Photographers’ disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the harried status of the contemporary notion of art than about whether photography is or is not art.

[结构简析] 名词disclaimer舍弃，不承认。上下文翻译中可译成动词含义，不承认抛弃创作艺术的兴趣。

[参考译文] 摄影师不承认对创作艺术感性趣，他们告诉大家更多的是有关现代艺术定义的让人烦恼的状况，而不是摄影是否艺术问题。

5. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the promotion of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity—in short, an art.

[结构简析] 复合句。句内三个that clause. 第一个是worry的宾从;第二个是so far that 的句型。第三个是forget 之宾从。

[参考译文] 很多专业摄影职员私下开始担心，强调摄影是对传统艺术意图的颠覆活动的做法有的过分了，以导致公众忘记摄影是一种独特的高尚活动——总之，是一种艺术。

写作办法与文章大意

文章论及“摄影是不是是艺术”问题，如此使用对比手法。刚开始就讲述了19世纪摄影家为确立摄影是艺术而提出的种种依据，并把美术和摄影作比较，来反驳否定摄影的论点：忠于表象，以来机器，没灵魂……

确立的艺术后，他们为摆脱油画那种矫饰的艺术意图而努力推崇“艺术越佳，对艺术传统意图破坏越大”的论点。作者把这类摄影家和抽象表现主义画家相提并论，把摄影和时尚画等同;和古典现代主义画家和画相对抗。

最后结论是这种破坏传统艺术意图的活动不可以走得太远，由于摄影毕竟是艺术，不然……。

答案解析

1. C. 说明当代严肃的摄影家对摄影作为艺术的态度，并把他们这类态度放在历史的进程来察看。见文章大意。他们先为摄影是不是是艺术而争辩，后为否定其艺术而努力。重点放在主题上。

A. 界定看上去主义者对艺术的态度。 B. 讲解摄影是怎么样作为美术出现的。第一段涉及，见难句译注2。 D. 界定当代严肃摄影家对待他们艺术所具备的各种看法，并评定每种看法的价值。这三项只不过文内提到的某些方面，不是主要的。

2. D. 矛盾的。见难句译注3。

A. 客观的。 B. 机械的。 C. 表面的。

3. A. 他要列举如此艺术家的例子，他们象当代严肃的摄影家一样抛弃了传统上被同意的现代艺术目的。见第三段第二句：“举例说，这类觉得通过拍照可以摆脱绘画所表现的艺术的矫饰的摄影家，使大家想起了那些抽象表现主义绘画的严肃的思想。”

B. 他想在抽象表现主义画家和古典现代主义画家之间找出相似点。 C. 他要在时尚艺术家和其它艺术家之间作一个对比。 D. 他想讲解为何严肃摄影，象其它当代视觉形式一样不是艺术，而且也不应当充作艺术。

4. D. 摄影是一种艺术，可以和油画相比美。见难句译注2。

A. 他们强调摄影是使大家开心的方法。 B. 是记录世界的艺术。 C. 摄影是公正察看世界的工具。

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