大家在前面曾提过学生的作文主要有以下几个方面的问题:

1、英语底子太薄。

2、词语量太小,且对已学词语记忆不清。

3、表达思想不了解。 下面大家以考生的实质作文来进行一下剖析。

1) Some one consider that fresh water will not touch it's end.

2) One mans life lack of money, he will impossible to live on. (95年1月,5分)

3) As is know, that there are much fake1 commodities2 in today's society.

这里引述的例句与考生通篇作文的写作水平是一致的,其中5、6分的例句具备典型性,代表了近乎中等水平考生的写作水平。从这类例句中不难看出,中等水平的考生,事实上也包含中上等水平的考生,在写作上存在的主要问题是表达思想不了解。

表达思想不了解的重要原因是考生作文中紧急汉化的英语,即中式英语,譬如: man can live happiness, Man is iron, and food is steel., "Women are half side sky."。除此之外,语言错误的常见性和紧急性十分惊人,譬如,主谓不同,名词单复数不分,动词时态语态滥用,常用词拼写错误比比皆是。这类紧急地影响了思想的表达。考试实践表明,多数考生在写作上的主要欠缺不是系统的写作理论和办法,而是最基本的单句写作能力。

文章无论长短,都是由句子组成的,句子是表达思想的最基本的单位。因此,句子是不是能写得正确、达意和了解,将直接影响整篇文章的写作水平。大学习英语4、六级考试和研究生入学习英语考试的实践都表明,考生写作成绩长期得不到明显提升的重要原因是欠缺写好单句的能力。

为改变这种情况,大家将从分析考生作文中的典型病句入手,对写作测试中的基本句子结构和写法进行评议和剖析,来帮助考生进一步提升句子写作能力。

否定结构除去在助动词、情态动词,be和have后面加not以外,还有很多不含not的否定结构。若能正确用他们,文章会看上去生动活泼,增加写作的亮点。下面大家就来看看:

1. 含有否定意义的词语和短语

以下列举的词和词组本身就具备否定的意思,因此不需要用否定词。

介词against, beyond, but, except, without,...

形容词和动词absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to,

reluctant3, lack, want,...

短语keep...from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at a loss, in vain, instead of, out

of the question, rather than, too...to, by no means, anything but,...

大家看以下例句:

1) Women fail to get the equal rights in some countries.

在一些国家妇女没得到平等的权利。

2) This is by no means the best way to solve the problem of energy crisis4.

这不是解决能源危机的最好的方法。

3) We should protect trees from being destroyed.

大家应保护树木,不让它们受破坏。

4) In old China we could not make a nail, let alone machines.

在旧中国,大家连一个钉子都造不了,更不需要说制造机器了。

2. 含有半否定意义的词汇

barely5, hardly, few, little, rarely, scarcely6, seldom, not all, not everyone, not everything,...具

有半否定的意义。例句:

1) We could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago.

几年前在冬季市场上非常难见到新鲜蔬菜。

2) These young people know little about how to choose good books to read.

这类青年几乎不了解怎么样挑选出色的书本来读。3. 不含否定意义的否定结构

有的词和词组形式上是不是定结构,但其含义是一定的,譬如:cannot but, can't help,

no sooner...than, not...until, in no time, none other than, nothing but,等等。例句:

1) We cant but face the reality.

大家只有面对现实。

2) These old buildings will be replaced by modern apartment buildings in no time.

这类旧建筑将非常快为现代化的公寓所代替。

4. 否定结构的倒装语序

大家有时为了强调而把否定词和词组放在句首,这个时候句子结构应倒装。比如:

1) On no account should we follow blindly.大家决不应当盲从。

2) No where has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm7 for learning8 as in our

country.没任何其他地方有国内如此高的学习热情。

5.含有it的结构

考生病句:

1. As is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the

development of society.

2. It is known to us, practice makes perfect.

正确表达:

1. It is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the

development of society.

2. It is known to us that practice makes perfect.

评议与剖析:

例句1是93年12月六级考试11分作文的评分样卷句子,例句2选自97年1月四级考试作文。非常显然,两个考生混淆了it和as的使用方法。假如用it作形式主语,后面的主语从句需要由that引起;假如用as,则后面不可以用that,由于as是关系代词,代表practice makes perfect。

It 在英语中是个相当活跃的代词,在写作中大家常要用它。以下几种使用方法应熟练学会,并能灵活运用。

1.作形式主语

It is necessary for us to master a foreign language skillfully. It makes difference whether

we could purify9 the air or not.

2.作形式宾语

We find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that. Modern science has made it

possible for babies to grow healthily and for people to live longer.

3.引导强调句

It is only by this way that we can achieve success. It was then that people began to realize

the importance of controlling population.

从语法结构来看,上述的句子都不难,或者可以说是考生相当熟知的。然而在写作考试中,多数考生缺少运用自己已学会的句式的意识,而以自己头脑中拼凑的中式英语取而代之。其实,只须能适合地运用上述的任何一个句式,考生的作文就会出现亮点,就会获得最好的成绩。