请问should表示意料之外、惊奇疑惑不解到底是是情态动词使用方法还是虚拟语气使用方法?

Im surprised that he should have failed.我非常惊讶他居然会失败。

should have done用于虚拟语气:可以是与过去事实相反,还可以是本该做却没做。

这里的失败明显是已经失败了,所以我非常惊讶,应该没有虚拟的状况吧?

所以请问这里should用的是情态动词使用方法吗?

请老师们解惑,谢谢!

网友比较狭隘地理解了 “should + 完成体” 的使用方法。

▲“should have done”,主要有以下四种使用方法。总结如下:

1、“should + 完成体”,表示“过去本应该做某事,而实质未做”,是虚拟语气的一种。

You should have reported them to the police. 你应当向警方控告他们的。

The problem should have been ironed out months ago. 这个问题几个月前就该解决了。

You should have been more careful in money matters. 在钱方面,你本当更小心点的。

Im to blame. I should have thought of that. 都怪我,我应该想到这一点。

You should have known better than to talk like that. 你本应更懂事而不致说如此的话。

2、“should + 完成体”,与虚拟条件连用,表示“与过去状况不符或相反的虚拟语气”。

【说明】if 从句用过去完成时,主句用“should + 完成时”,主句的主语仅限于用第一人称。should可以由would代替。比如:

If I had seen her I should/would have invited her. 我当时如果看到她的话我本会邀请她的。

If I had received the present, I should/would have thanked her. 假如我收到了礼物,我是应当向她道谢的。

I should/would not have laughed if I had thought you were serious. 假如我想到你是认真的,我就不会笑了。

也可以用其他结构代替if条件句。比如:

But for your advice, I should/would have failed. 要不是你的忠告,我会失败的。

3、“should + 完成体”,还可以表示推断,表示“在过去或以后某个时间之前应该完成的动作”。

The paint should have dried off by this time tomorrow. 油漆到明天这时就应该已经干了。

They should have arrived in Beijing by this time. 他们这时该到北京了。

I think I should have finished it by then. 我想到那时我应该完成了。

We should have the whole deal sewn up by the end of this week. 到本周末,大家应该可以把整个买卖谈妥。

The letter should have arrived by now. 信函目前该到达了。

You certainly should have remembered her name. 你一定应该还记得她的名字。

4、“should + 完成体”,还可以用来“对过去所发生的状况,表示惊讶、意料之外、不理解、不可思议”,翻译时一般含有“居然”的意味。

网友的句子就是这些。比如:

I am surprised that you should have acted so indiscreetly. 你居然表现得这样轻率,我感到惊讶。

It is amazing that she should have said nothing about the murder. 让人惊奇的是,她居然对这桩凶杀案不置一词。

Im sorry you should have gone to so much trouble. 非常抱歉,叫你费了这么大事。

I wonder why he should have been so angry. 我想不通,他如何会如此生气。

It is a pity that he should have failed in the exam. 他考试居然没及格,真是可惜。

I can’t think why he should have said that it was my fault. 我真不知道,他如何居然说这是我的过错。

It’s strange that he should have left without telling us. 奇怪,他竟没和大家说一声就走了。

Im surprised that he should have failed. 我非常惊讶他居然会失败。(网友的句子)

【要紧提示】

网友最关心的可能是:怎么样研判“should + 完成体”是那类型型,如何去理解?

第一应学会以上讲的四种状况,牢记于心。

1. 单独一个句子,没上下文语境(即:单句),“should + 完成时”,一般表示“过去本应该做某事,而实质未做”。这是第一种状况。

2. 跟if 条件句连用,而且主语是第一人称时,假如if从句用了过去完成时,“should + 完成体”,一般表示“与过去不符或相反的虚拟语气”。 这是第二种状况。

3. 单独一个句子(即:单句),而且该句含有表示截止到某个时间的词汇,如:by this time tomorrow, by then, by the end of this week,那样,“should + 完成体”,一般表示推断:“在过去或以后某个时间之前应该完成的动作”。 这是第三种状况。

4. 句中含有表示“惊讶、后悔、惋惜、不可思议”等词汇时(如:surprising, surprised, amazing, amazed, astonishing, astonished, strange, pity, sorry, unlucky, sad, wonder 等),“should + 完成体”,一般用来“对过去发生的状况表示惊讶、不理解、不可思议”等。这是第四种状况。

网友的问题就是是这一种。